Trabajadora social icab3/31/2023 ![]() This foreign labor, which can be seen from a Marxist perspective as a reserve army constituting an essential component of the social mechanism of capitalism, now seems expendable in a recession that has hit hard, even among the Spanish-born population. One is therefore witnessing what could be called the destruction of a standardization model that had focused on the inclusion of the immigrant population, the seeds of which had been planted, through small achievements, in the years leading up to the economic crisis. In parallel, an already weak integration policy has been sidelined. In this context, the requirement of legal immigration as the virtually exclusive pillar of Spanish immigration policy, in line with European guidelines, has strengthened the link between immigrants and the labor market as the means of attaining and retaining legal status, and thus becoming entitled to rights. At the same time, the factors causing poverty and social exclusion have hit immigrants, especially illegal ones, particularly hard. Since the beginning of the crisis, concerns about the increasingly difficult economic situation have led to a social situation in which anti-immigration sentiments have taken root, particularly in the most vulnerable segment of the native population (Cea and Valles, 2013). The recession has completely changed the landscape of the Spanish labor market while providing the perfect excuse for all kinds of cutbacks. Since late 2007, as a result of the economic crisis, together with rising unemployment and fiscal adjustment, the debate has intensified on the needs and opportunities created by both the entry of third country nationals and the residential status of those already living in Spain. It is therefore likely that the immigrant population will continue to decline, while the Spanish once again embark on migration routes themselves. Since 2012, these figures seem to have leveled out while the number of registered foreigners has fallen for the first time in fifteen years. Spain also became the European Union (EU-27) member state with the second highest number of foreign residents, after Germany (Moreno and Bruquetas, 2011:13). In fact, the percentage of foreigners living in Spain in 2011 stood at approximately 12.1 percent (over 5.7 million) of the registered population, a similar proportion to that of other European countries that have traditionally been receivers of immigrants. Of all the social phenomena that have contributed most to the transformation of Spain in recent decades, migration flows have been the most significant. Palabras clave: categoría legal, integración, igualdad, España, Unión Europea. Todo ello obliga, como conclusión, a insistir en la necesidad de articular una política multidimensional que tome en consideración a la población de origen migrante presente en territorio español como sujetos de derechos, y se concrete en medidas que apuesten por la cohesión social desde la igualdad jurídica. Una de las principales evidencias de que la integración no es una prioridad en España es la significativa restricción de derechos de los inmigrantes, en especial en relación con la asistencia sanitaria. Para ello se evidencia la difícil compatibilidad entre la inmigración legal, ligada al mercado de trabajo, que no demanda mano de obra extranjera, y la inclusión. Keywords: legal status, integration, equality, Spain, European Union.Įste artículo tiene como objetivo abordar las principales modificaciones de la política de integración de los inmigrantes en España tras el impacto de la crisis económica. Such a policy must introduce plans and measures that support social cohesion from a perspective of fundamental legal equality. This situation underlines the compelling need to develop a multidimensional policy that considers those in Spain with a migrant background as individuals with rights. One of the clearest indicators that integration is not a priority in Spain is the significant restriction of immigrants' rights, particularly in relation to healthcare. The fact that demand for foreign labor has fallen makes it difficult to reconcile immigration with inclusion. To this end, it analyzes the way legal immigration continues to be strictly bound by the labor market. This article examines the main changes to immigrant integration policy in Spain following the impact of the economic crisis. Correo electrónico: of receipt: April 2, 2014. Rights, Immigration and Social Cohesion in Spainĭerechos, inmigración y cohesión social en España ![]()
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